Showing posts with label 1908. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 1908. Show all posts

Monday, 16 August 2021

Convict Dress Explained

 

From ‘Lloyd’s Weekly News’ dated 12 Jan. 1908. Convict dress explained.

 


The above drawings show the distinctive dress of various classes of convicts. All the clothing up to number 6 is yellow. Reading from left to right the clothing indicates: (1) First stage (first twelve months) : (2) second stage (two years), black strip on cuffs : (3) third stage (three years), yellow stripes on cuffs : (4) fourth stage, intermediate man, blue stripes on cuff, chevron on cap and arms : (5) star man, blue stripes on cuffs, star on each arm and on cap: (6) grey dress worn by long sentence men who earn 2s. 6d, a month and spend 1s. 3d. on comforts : (7) blue dress for good character; (8) black parti-coloured dress worn as punishment for striking an officer : (3) yellow parti-coloured dress, the penalty for running away : (10) canvas dress for those who destroy the ordinary clothing of their class.

Thursday, 5 September 2019

The Curse of the Cardews


The Curse of the Cardews
Or
After Three Hundred Years
By W. Murray Graydon
Digitized from https://trove.nla.gov.au/ This is part one of a twenty part series. It was never published in book form. The scans of the 111 year old newspapers do not go through OCR well so I doubt that I will be digitizing the other 20 parts. I was attracted to this story because of the references to British Guiana (Guyana). It could be a great read but time…/drf
Author of “The Blackmailers, “Reaping the Whirlwind,” “The Heir of the Loudouns,” Etc.
From Northern Argus newspaper, Clare, SA, 17 April 1908.

PART I.    THE CURSE.
No peace nor joy nor quiet life
Shall male heir of Cardew know.
But bitter cup and bloody strife
Shall spirit crush and pride bring low.
Cardew, if thou the curse would spurn,
To earth Torrana’s dust return.
CHAPTER I.    WHITHER FATE LEADS.
“Hello, Gordon! I haven’t seen you for an age. Where are you bound for in such a hurry?” and the speaker, a middle-aged individual with a complexion burned to the colour of his own coffee-berries, leaned over the gate to wave an inviting hand.
“Going to England, Jim,” the other responded.
“The deuce you are! You don’t mean it? Lucky dog, if you’re telling the truth. But stop and have a drink.”
“Not now, old man. I’ll see you to-morrow or at the Tower House to-night. So long!”
Salutations and questions similar to the abovethey were answered in much the same way—continually hailed the popular and genial planter from up-country, Gordon Ferguson, as he drove his dusty cart and span of vicious-looking mules through the suburbs and into the main thoroughfare of Georgetown, Demerara, which thriving port, at the mouth of the Demerara River, is, as every one knows, the capital of British Guiana.
Ferguson was a vigorous man of forty, with plain and honest features, and kindly blue eyes that sometimes reflected, in his lonely hours, the memory of the sorrow that had clouded his life years before. As we shall see more of him hereafter, let it suffice for the present to say that he had owned and conducted a sugar plantation in Guiana since his youth, and that he had recently decided to pay a visit to the old countrythe first since he left home—owing to economically successful crops during the past two seasons.
He was as enthusiastic as a boy over the prospect, and his heart was held with bright anticipations. It was near the end of February, and the sunset glow, flashing through the forests of the west, heralded that pleasant hour when Georgetown turns from business to idleness and troops out of doors to enjoy the evening air. The grey roofs of the town, half-buried amid palm trees and luxuriant vegetation, looked very attractive to the toil-worn planter, fresh from the wild solitudes of the interior, as he drove along broad, quiet avenues, between detached houses, standing in spacious gardens and a double row of trenches, in which blossomed the Victoria Regia lily. He entered Water-street, lined with the warehouses of English, Scotch, and European merchants, and heard the strains of the band playing in the Botanical Gardens and caught a glimpse of carriages poking to and fro on the sea wall, before he finally drew up at the hotel known as the Tower House.
“Take the team to the staples. Sambo,” he said to the black servant who came forward to relieve him. “My manager will call for it next week. Thank goodness, I’ve seen the last of it for a month or two.” he added to himself.
Ferguson followed his luggage indoors, and after a bath and a change of clothes, he emerged again as the swift, tropical twilight was falling. Stepping round to a shipping office near by, he greeted the single occupant, a clerk, who was writing at a high desk, in tones that implied old acquaintance.
“As hard at it as ever. Tom. Can you wake up long enough to tell me if you’ve got an empty berth on the Royal Mail steamer that leaves day after to-morrow?”
“Hello, Ferguson! You’re quite a stranger. You want a berth—eh? Not leaving us?”
“I’m going home on a visit—home to God’s own country, which is England.”
“Right you are. Glad of it. The trip will do you good.” and Tom Kingdom glanced wistfully at the man in whose shoes he longed to stand, “Wait a moment,” he added, “and I’ll talk to you.”
“But the berth?”
“Oh. I’ve got one; don’t worry.”
The clerk bent over his writing, and Ferguson, turning carelessly to the maps and photographs that hung on the wall, discovered something that instantly arrested his attention and brought an exclamation of astonishment to his lips. It was a placard in large print—he could read it by the light of a smoky lamp—offering a reward for a certain Juan Rivera, a Spaniard, who had escaped from the convict settlement at the Mazaruni River. A description of the missing man, meagre and unsatisfactory in its details, was appended.
“By Jove! when did Rivera get away?” gasped Ferguson.
“A fortnight ago,” replied the clerk.
“And have they caught him yet?”
“I believe not. He is supposed to have fled towards New Amsterdam. I wish he would come this way, and into my office; but there’s no such luck. Isn’t Rivera the chap who stabbed the Dutch Consul?”
“Yes; and it got him a sentence of fifteen years,” replied Ferguson, speaking in an odd voice and with a painful look of reminiscence in his eyes.
“He was a bit of a swell, wasn’t he?”
“So I’ve heard, and it was probably true. He came out here with a pot of money, squandered it all, and then started to drink, and gamble. It was said that he belonged to an ancient and respected family in Spain, and that his real name was Morrana, or Torrana, or something like that. I curse the day I ever” —Ferguson broke off abruptly. “I left home two weeks ago. I’ve been visiting friends on the way down,” he went on. “Rivera owes me a grudge, and I shouldn’t wonder if he has been hanging round my place. I testified against him at his trial.”
“Well, they’re pretty sure to catch him sooner or later,” said Tom Kingdom as he rose from the desk. “Have a drink, old man, will you?”
He led the way to a back room, and had just taken glasses and a bottle from a closet when he was called out by footsteps in the office.
“What can I do for you?” Ferguson heard him ask,  and the low-spoken reply, “I want a passage on your next steamer,” reached him as distinctly. It was a familiar voice —a voice from out of the dead past— and Ferguson started as he put down the bottle he had picked up. Looking through a crack of the door, he saw a tall, apparently middle-aged man, with an olive-tinted complexion and black beard and moustache, wearing a suit of grey flannels, spectacles, and a broad-brimmed Panama hat with a brown and scarlet band.
“Much too old,” he told himself. “No, it can’t be. The fellow is a stranger. And yet”—
The next instant he had flung the door wide and dashed into the office. “You scoundrel, you have been robbing my house!” he cried, “Those are my clothes, my hat!”
He grabbed at the visitor’s beard, and it came away in his hand. As quickly he tore off spectacles and hat, and suspicion became certainty.
“Juan Rivera!” he exclaimed.
The Spaniard, now revealed as a young and handsome man of twenty-seven or twenty-eight, muttered an oath and whipped out a knife. But his arm was promptly struck up by Kingdom, and thus foiled of his murderous purpose, he turned and took to his heels before either of the two could seize him.
“After him!” cried Ferguson.
“Help! Police!” cried the clerk. “Rivera! Rivera! Catch him!”
Though Water-street was thronged with people at this hour, and the meaning of the clamour from the shipping office ran like wildfire among them, the escaped convict got safely across, knocking down two lads who tried to stop him. A loud hue and cry rose behind him, and an excited mob of men and boys were pressing at his heels as he dived into a side thoroughfare, whence we will follow him on his desperate race for freedom.
Bitterly did Juan Rivera repent the impulse that had prompted him to steal wearing apparel from the wardrobe of his hated enemy, and still more bitterly did he regret his folly in trusting his disguise to the chances and hazards of Georgetown. His overwhelming confidence, the belief that his very daring would enable him to sail with impunity by a Royal Mail steamer, was likely to cost him dear. Straining every, nerve, he sped on, and fortunately his aimless course took him into the comparatively quiet and dark residential neighbourhood. He twisted and doubled, swerved from right to left, and finally, when he had out-distanced his foes and was at the point of exhaustion, he climbed with difficulty to the top of a six-foot wall and dropped into an extensive garden on the further side,
He lay there, breathing heavily, until his pursuers had rushed by the spot and were seeking him beyond. The night had now fallen, and to that he owed his good luck so far. He presently rose, his fertile brain scheming and planning, and having crept through dense, shrubbery and trees, he emerged close to a large two-storeyed house, where a single light was visible in an upper room. He crouched low again as a man and a woman passed quickly down the gravel walk, conversing audibly. They were evidently going to discover what the noise meant.
“We must not leave the poor fellow long.” said the woman. “He has been writing all the afternoon, and the effort has exhausted him. I am afraid the end is near.”
“I fear so,” assented The man.
“It is very sad, Charles, but it would have been more so had he been left to die in that wretched hovel. I am glad we took him in.”
The voices and footsteps faded away, and Rivera stood up.
“I won’t be taken alive,” he vowed, “Any death rather than to return to that hell on the Mazaruni. I must hide for a time. And perhaps I can obtain a fresh disguise yonder. Apparently there is no one at home but a sick man.”
He cautiously approached the house and finding the door locked, he gained admission by an open window. From the hall, where not even a cloak or hat was hanging, he mounted to the upper floor, and paused on the threshold of a rear room. He glanced within, hesitated, and then entered, with noiseless steps. His fierce passions were subdued by what he saw; for the moment he forgot his perilous plight.
A dimly-burning lamp revealed a young man—he was well under 30 stretched on a narrow bed. His eyes were closed, his shrunken features were the hue of wax, and his breathing was so faint that it could barely be detected. He was evidently at the point of death. The fingers of one lean hand clutched a pen, and on a table by his side were ink, paper, and an open envelope, the latter addressed to a London solicitor.
“I might be worse off,” thought Rivera. “At least I have a chance.”
Impelled by curiosity, he examined the envelope. The sheets within, written in a weak but legible hand, contained a confession. The dying man, it appeared, had been a clerk of the aforesaid solicitor. With a key made from a wax impression he had opened a client’s box, transcribed a copy of a valuable paper, and fled with it to British Guiana. There a fatal illness had seized him, and in his last moments he desired to atone for his sin. He had burned the paper, he declared, and his knowledge of the secret it might have guided him to—a secret that explained the theft and flight—would perish with him.
The convict read on, oblivious to everything else. The pathetic, penitent sentences burned into his brain, thrilled him as if each word was a pin-prick.
‘‘Miguel Torrana!” he muttered. “My ancestor! What can this mean?”
The revelation, dawning by degrees, burst suddenly upon him in its entirety. His mind went back to his childhood and early youth, to a family legend that had grown dim and disreputable through centuries of repetition. Spurred memory woke almost forgotten names and places, and he marvelled at the strange fate that had led him to this house— to this chamber of death.
“It is an omen,” he told himself, “It bids me hope and endeavour. By heavens, I will escape I will foil my enemies, throw them off the track and win the golden heritage that is mine by right. There are difficulties to be met, but I will conquer them. If any cross my path—and there is a likelihood of that—let them beware. To England first, and then”—
A noise downstairs—it was a key turning in a lockstartled Rivera to a sense of his danger. “You have given me something to live for.” he said, softly, with a glance at the dying man: and thrusting envelope and confession into his pocket, he swung from the window at the end of the room and dropped to the ground.
By a rear garden and a gate he came to a quiet street. He walked leisurely on, seeking his bearings while he listened to the confused clamour that he was bareheaded, that he had left the house empty-handed; until a native policeman sprang from hiding in front of him, brandishing a cudgel.
“You black dog!” yelled Rivera.
His knife flashed out. He struck at and missed the terrified negro, darted past him, and was off like a hare. One pursuer was bawling at his heels, and eager voices were catching up the clamour on all sides of him. The mischief was done and he knew the odds were desperate, but his hot Spanish blood sustained his courage.
“If I can only get out of the town!” he thought.
The hue and cry rang nearer. His foes headed him off right and left, badgered and worried him like a pack of yelping curs; and at last, having been driven along the only way that was open to him, he broke cover on the broad avenue skirting the sea, and saw the harbour and the shipping melting before him into the dusky shroud of the night.
Escape was impossible, one would rightly have said. The fugitive was hopelessly cornered, but he leaped on to the parapet, and for a moment stood defiantly at bay, knife in hand, facing the shouting mob that was closing on him from three sides. Then he turned and dived head first into the water. A splash, followed by a white swirl twenty feet out. That was all. The quarry had baffled the pursuers in the flush of their triumph, and they could only stare, helplessly into the darkness, some with angry imprecations and some with grudging meed of admiration.
Boats were hastily procured. For half the night they pulled to and fro, and at daybreak every craft in the harbour was searched. But of Juan Rivera no trace was found, and it was generally believedeven Ferguson did not doubt—that he had been devoured by the hungry sharks infesting the vicinity.
CHAPTER II.    THE HEIR TO BEACHCOMBE.
Between ten and eleven o’clock on a mild and fragrant April evening, when London streets and squares were bathed in a flood of moonlight that was a fitting accompaniment to the opening of the season, a man in a soft, hat and a long-overcoat walked slowly past a West-end mansion. Soft strains of music fell on his ear, and shadowy forms, like the figures of a biograph, moved behind the window blinds. He cursed them under his breath. A carriage drew up at the kerb, and as two belated guests entered the house, the man caught a glimpse of the brilliant luxury within. He retraced his steps, sauntered by a second and a third time.
“Shall I send her a message,” he asked himself, “or shall I trust to a letter reaching her hands unopened? No; something must be done to-night, else I dine with the Duke Humphrey to-morrow, as these Englishmen are pleased to call it. My need of money is too urgent for delay; and with that, walking rapidly away, he turned out of the square and vanished.
Mrs. Adair’s ball-room was thronged, and if the company present did not consist of the cream of society, it at least numbered some representatives of the exclusive circle, and for the rest was made up of people who were not far removed from the border-line of Mayfair and Belgravia. As the dancing was in full swing, and the hum of conversation and the frou-frou of silken skirts blended harmoniously with the notes of the orchestra, two young men stood apart at one side of the spacious apartment, where they had paused for moment’s rest. Intently, but with a different purpose, each watched the couples that whirled by them.
There was not a year’s difference between them. Brian Desmond, slender and of medium height, with fair hair and grey eyes, was a type of the popular clubman who takes life easily, forms fast friendships, and is capable of forceful action if such a need ever arises. His father, Colonel Desmond, was a retired officer and a widower, and had inherited a considerable fortune from his wife. Geoffrey Cardew—it is with him our story is chiefly concernedwas tall and well built, good-looking rather than handsome, with thoughtful brown eyes and a tawny moustache that shaded a strong mouth. Though he bore one of the oldest names in England, fate had put him at a desk, in the India Office and compelled him to exist on three hundred a year and his private income of two hundred more; which handicap, causing him to be regarded hitherto as somewhat of a nonentity in social circles, he had felt more bitterly than he had been known to confess. But those days were gone for ever, and to-night, as he stood talking to his friend, every fibre in his being thrilled with the realisation of his altered fortunes and prospects. It was of such recent date, the change, that he had scarcely had time to get accustomed to it.
“By Jove! I never saw her looking better,” said Desmond, in a low voice.
“Who?” inquired Geoffrey. “Ah, you mean Carmen.”
There was no need to ask the question. A tall and regal girl, of a bold, dark style of beauty that was clearly not English, was just then gliding past the two with languid and inimitable grace. Diamonds glittered at her throat and in the coiled masses of her raven hair; her features a perfect oval, were of a creamy olive tint. She ignored Desmond, flashed her black eyes at Cardew for an instant, and disappeared with her partner in the throng. Desmond’s face clouded. It was an open secret that he was in love, and hopelessly so, with Carmen Torrana, who for several years had been residing in London with her aunt, the wife of an Englishman of wealth and position. And it was equally well known, perhaps that the Spanish girl had months ago lost her heart to one who was indifferent to that coveted jewel.
“There is no woman in the world to compare with her.” said Desmond, sadly.
“She is beautiful, I admit’” replied Geoffrey, “but with the beauty of a young panther.”
“Dangerous, you mean?”
“I am far from suggesting it. She is not my taste, that is all. Give me a woman who”—
Geoffrey paused, and his face flushed with a tell-tale colour. At the moment Brian’s sister was passing, and it was her smile that had betrayed his feelings. As fair and sweet as an English rose, as fresh and tender as the dawn of an English summer morning, Violet Desmond was as different from Carmon Torrana as day is from night. Nor was Geoffrey the only one who thought so. He had held aloof while better men tried their chances and failed.
“It is not for me to dispute your choice.” said Desmond. “I wish you luck, old chap—at last.”
“But you would have wished me that always if I had presumed to” —
“Of course—you know that. But the pater.”
“I quite understand.” said Geoffrey, shruggling his shoulders. “I do not complain. It is the way of the world we live in”
He smiled unconsciously. Brian wished him luck, and Colonel Desmond would doubtless do the same, and Violet—how would she answer the question he meant to ask this very night?
“I believe she cares for me, and for myself alone.” he reflected. “Had I stooped to dishonour, I might have won her long ago. She is not mercenary—she refused Parkinson with his ten thousand a year. But I could never have asked her to share a life of comparative poverty, and happily, I need not,”
Yes, he was very glad that he had the right to speak at last. It still seemed too good to be true. Only a month ago he had been the insignificant civil clerk, with little or no prospect of ever having the command of more than five hundred a year. His elder brother George, who had quarrelled with him unreasonably, and made an unfortunate marriage and led an unhappy and dissipated existence abroad for years was then living in a continental city. The two—their parents were deceased —were sons of a younger and impoverished brother, and George had inherited from a bachelor uncle. And now George’s wife was dead, and George had followed her in the grave a fortnight afterwards, and he, Geoffrey Cardew, had succeeded at the age of twenty-five to six thousand pounds a year and to the ownership of Beechcombe. the stately ancestral mansion on the crest of Hedsor Hill, in Buckinghamshire, that had been the home of the Cardews since the reign of Elizabeth. Little wonder that he was dazzled by his good fortune, and that he wanted but one thing to make him the happiest man in the world.
“Wake up, dreamer, and do your duty.’’ said Brian. We are forgetting our obligations to our hostess.” and with that he moved away.
He has gone to find Carmen.” thought Geoffrey, as he looked after his friend. “I wish she would reward his devotion as it deserves, and refrain from showing such embarrassing marks of favour to myself, and from staring me out of countenance with those black eyes of hers. I have never given her the slightest encouragement, that I’ll swear; but I can’t help feeling uneasy sometimes. She is a true daughter of Spain, passionate in love and passionate in hatred. Heaven forbid that I incur her enmity!”
A true daughter of England was approaching him, and at sight of that lovely face Geoffrey forgot all else. It was his dance, and he claimed it. Relieving Violet of her escort, he rested one hand on her slender waist, and the two glided into the mazes of a waltz, to the measure of the dreamy, rapturous music that was in tune with their own hearts. On and on they swept, units among many, and yet as deliciously isolated as if they had been tripping it to Pan’s pipes over a moonlit forest glade.
The strains of the orchestra died a way in a buzz of conversation. Geoffrey led his partner to a secluded corner of the conservatory, hidden by potted ferns and feathery mimosa, and stood by her for a moment, waiting until the music struck up again. It was the propitious moment. Under the soft lights her face flushed, Violet’s beauty was more than he could resist. She raised her eyes to his, swiftly lowered them; and seating himself at her side, while he clasped her unresisting hand, he poured out the old story— the sweet, eternal story that will be ever new as long as the world lasts.
I have always loved you,” he went on. “I will live only for your happiness. Do youcan you—care for me a little. Violet?”
“More than a little, Geoffrey,” she said, looking up at him bravely and said, looking up at him bravely and blushingly. “Yes, I will be your wife.”
He kissed her lips, then started up at the sound of a light footstep and the rustle of a skirt. Carmen Torrana stood within three yards. Her bosom heaved, a fiery red spot burned in each cheek, and scorn and anger flashed from her eyes.
“Pardon,” she said; and vanished in company with Brian, who had been in the background.
“How she frightened me!” said Violet, with a little shiver. “I believe she hates you, Geoffrey.”
“Imagination. dearest,” he assured her.
Ten minutes later, when Geoffrey and his promised bride left the conservatory, they came upon Brian in the ball-room alone.
“Where is the senorita?” his sister asked.
“Gone.” Brian moodily replied. “A note was brought to her, and she went off in a hurry.”
“With her aunt?”
“With herself,” said Brian, and inclined her head towards Carmen’s elderly relative, who was passing on the arm of a Scotch baronet.
CHAPTER III.    A LEGACY FROM THE DEAD.
Brian was honestly and openly delightedthere was no one he liked so well as his prospective brother-in-law —and Colonel Desmond was blandly acquiescent. He patted Geoffrey’s shoulder and congratulated him“though Violet might have looked a little higher,” he said. “No offence, my dear fellow.”
“I am not worthy of her—no man is,” replied Geoffrey, “But the Cardews have refused titles in their time,” he added, proudly.
“And never a king of Ireland,” said the colonel, “but had a Desmond at his right hand.”
Life ran in pleasant lines for Geoffrey then, and he soon fitted into his place as if he had never been out of it. He had left the India Office, and occupied chambers at the Albany —partly to be near Violet, and mainly because Beechcombe, which had been shut up since George Cardew’s accession, had to be made ready for him. The legal formalities that would put him in possession of the estate were not entirely completed, but he had carte blanche to draw on the family solicitor for funds, and he found it a novel sensation to spend gold as he had formerly spent shillings. Though he regretted his brother’s death, he did not profess to more grief than he could honestly feel. George had treated him shamefully, without just cause or reason, and the two had not met or written to each other for seven years.
One sunny May morning, a fortnight after Mrs. Adair’s reception, Geoffrey drove down to Chancery-lane to keep an appointment which his solicitor had requested in writing. He arrived on the minute, for he had promised to join Violet later in the park.
“I don’t suppose it is anything more important,” he told himself, “than a document that requires my signature.’’
Archibald Menzes, a man of sixty, whose head was silvered by the family secrets that reposed therein, was waiting for him in the private office. He greeted his client with an air of professional gravity that for once was not assumed, and having carefully locked the door and put out biscuits and a bottle of port—at which Geoffrey’s modern and uncultivated taste rebelled—he opened a ponderous safe and took from it a sealed blue envelope. He seated himself opposite to Geoffrey and cleared his throat.
“I need not tell you, Mr. Cardew,” he began, “that ancient and honourable blood flows in your veins. Your fore-fathers, sir, lived in an age when gentlemen of spirit met with adventures that are unheard of and impossible in these prosaic days. And in your case, strangely enough, an echo of one such adventure has survived to the present. At intervals of greater or less extent during the past three centuries—If I am right in tracing the custom so far back— there has come a time to each successive male heir of your race when he has made cognizant of a certain family affair and was put in possession of certain papers relating to the same. Those documents I am about to deliver into your keeping, as I am bound to do by virtue of my trust, and as I did in the case of your uncle and of your brother. Have you any knowledge, may I ask, of what is known as the Curse of the Cardews?”
“Very little, if any.” Geoffrey replied, wondering what was coming next. “There was a vague family tradition, I believe, mixed up with Elizabethan swashbucklers and hidden treasure, and that sort of thing. I have an indistinct recollection of my grandfather speaking of it—or it may have been my fatherand even that was not meant for my ears.”
“And your brother George?”
“He never referred to the matter, nor did my uncle James.”
“Well, it was neither a myth nor a tradition, Mr. Cardew,” said the solicitor. “it was a fact, a chapter of actual happenings, and it is as real to-day—it has been my privilege to be convinced of thatas it was three hundred years ago. But I will give you a brief outline of the story, and afterwards you shall examine the proofs. In the year 1595 Sir Walter Raleigh, in consequence of reports that credited the northern part of the continent of South America with being a land of marvellous treasures, and hoping to surpass the discoveries of Cortez and Pizarro, equipped an expedition and set sail from England. Among those who accompanied him was your ancestor, Geoffrey Cardew the first, from whom you are descended in an unbroken line. He distinguished himself in the defeat of the Armada, and prior to that he had erected Beechcombe, of which one original wing still stands intact. In due course the expedition arrived at Orinoco, and sailed up that mighty river, when some of the adventurers sought in one direction and some in another. A party of five, braving the perils of the unknown wilderness, pushed up for a considerable distance to the south, into what is now the north-western part of British Guiana. Of these Geoffrey Cardew was one, and another was a certain Miguel Torrana, a Spanish gentleman of good birth. He and several companions had been rescued during the voyage from a sinking ship. The rest of the crew, it seems, had perished of starvation.”
“Torrana?” broke in Geoffrey. “Does the family exist at the present day?”
“I do not know, sir. It is highly improbable, Why do you ask?”
“From mere curiosity.” Geoffrey replied, truthfully enough. “Will you pardon my interruption, Mr. Menses, and continue your story?” to himself, he added, “It is an odd coincidence at least.”
“Of these five men,” resumed the Solicitor, ‘‘three died of fever in the interior. The survivors were Miguel Torrana and your ancestor, who had formed a comradely friendship which, sad to say, was destined to end in tragedy. Ultimately they found gold, amassed a large quantity of it, and then quarrelled over the spoils. Both were hot-tampered, and neither would yield. In a moment of ungovernable rage Geoffrey Cardew struck the Spaniard to the ground with a weapon. Believing his friend to be dead, and overcome with remorse and grief, he dragged the body deep into a thicket and fled in a canoe, taking the ill-gotten treasure with him. But the canoe springing a leak before he had gone far, he landed, buried the greater part of the gold, and continued his journey on foot. He reached the Orinoco barely in time to sail with Raleigh—the five men had been given up for lost—and when he returned to England in 1596 he gave his son Myles a truthful account of his adventures, with one exception. Miguel Torrana, he declared, had died of fever like the rest. His deception, we must admit, was but human nature, though it was to lead to strange consequences. As for his sin, he expiated that within a month, for he was killed in London in a brawl.
(To be Continued).

Tuesday, 31 October 2017

On the Roof of the Western World

ON THE ROOF OF THE WESTERN WORLD.
From The Wide World Magazine, 1908,
Digitized October 2017 by Doug Frizzle for Stillwoods.Blogspot.Ca
Mrs. Henshaw is a well known mountaineer, and in this article she describes the first ascent of one of the mighty peaks in that paradise of the climber, British Columbia, where hundreds of summits remain untrodden by human foot. Mrs. Henshaw illustrates her narrative with some impressive photographs.
Julia W. Henshaw also wrote the article, Vancouver a twelve year old city.(1898)

THE Rocky and Selkirk Ranges, which separate British Columbia from the rest of Canada, form without doubt the finest untrodden field for the Alpinist in the Western world. I say untrodden advisedly, for in spite of the records achieved by such eminent men as Mr. Edward Whymper, Dr. J. Norman Collie, Mr. James Outram, and other intrepid Britishers, only the merest fringe of these glorious ranges of mountains has as yet been explored. Every climber knows the pride of a “first ascent,” and in Western Canada there are hundreds of unconquered peaks, each awaiting its Napoleon of the ice-axe to build the “stone man” on its summit.
Just north of fifty-two degrees north latitude, at an elevation of ten thousand feet, lies the vast Columbia ice-field, two hundred square miles in extent, forming the central source of many important rivers, and probably the largest glacier in the world outside of the Arctic Circle. This particular ice-field heads the long list of those which lie within the boundaries of British Columbia, for even the most cursory survey of the region forces upon the attention of the traveller the fact that a wonderful wealth of névés and glaciers gleams and glitters like a priceless parure of diamonds upon the mighty breast of the Western hills.
The variation in the scenic setting of the mountain pictures is extremely fascinating. The strong contrasts which exist between the warm, flower-strewn valleys; the deep green, conifered slopes, cleft by many a vagabond rill; and the terrific cliff's and snowy crests, bring with them a new surprise at every turn; while the beauties of snow-crest, wood, and water entrance the sight and inspire the mind with high and happy thoughts. Whether you are an expert climber or only an ardent lover of the out-of-doors, the joy of a summer holiday spent among the Canadian Rockies brings an equal appeal. There are several excellent climbing centres in the Rocky and Selkirk mountains, where chalet hotels form the basis of operations and offer comfortable accommodation to travellers, and where climbing and camping outfits and the services of expert Swiss guides are obtainable. Each locality offers special attractions of its own. At Glacier, in the Selkirks, Sir Donald (10,645ft.), named after Lord Strathcona, formerly Sir Donald Smith, and now High Commissioner for Canada in London, is a capital climb, offering a variety of experiences on rock-work, glacier, snow-slope, arête, and couloir; while near by Mount Bonney (10,625ft.), Mount Fox (10,000ft.), Mount Purity (10,100ft.), Mount Dawson (10,800ft.), and The Hermit (9,222ft.) are all delightful ascents in which more or less difficulties are encountered, and from which all danger is eliminated under the splendid guidance of the Swiss. As its name denotes, there are many ice-fields in the vicinity of Glacier, the chief ones among them being the Great Glacier and the Asulkan, and from the summit of Mount Sir Donald alone one hundred and twenty-five ice-fields are visible.
At Kield, in the Rockies, the choice of ascents is unlimitedMount Stephen (10,428ft.), The Chancellor (10,400ft.), Mount Vaux (10,600ft.), Goodsir (11,400ft), Cathedral Mountain (10,100ft.), Mount Collie (10,500ft.), and Mount Assiniboine (11,860ft.) all being fine climbs, while dozens of other first-rate peaks which have been climbed, and hundreds of peaks which have not been climbed, rise up on every side.
But it is the Lake Louise district in particular that I set out to describe in this article. The turquoise lake, whose waters are like fluid light, lies cradled in the arms of magnificent mountains; at one end stands the chalet, a fleck of human civilization amid a world of Nature in her most majestic mood; at the other rises Mount Victoria, on whose ledges rests a glacier green and grim, cloaked by a glittering névé. At either side stand ranks of fir trees, and about the shore the shrubs of the Labrador tea and white rhododendron shelter masses of blue-eyed veronicas, saxifrages, and purple garlics. Lake Louise is a spot of matchless beauty, one of those perfect pictures painted by Nature upon the canvas of the world, in colours borrowed from the rainbow. Artists and poets have sung its praises, men have marvelled and admired, but no one has ever wearied of the peace and perfection of the scene.
It is to this place that many people journey in the golden days of summer, to climb thence the glorious peaks whose ice-architraves and snow-domes, guarded by frozen gates, form temples fit for the gods. Only those who have stood on the topmost pinnacle of a hitherto unclimbed crest can fully realize the feeling of exultation and pride which fills the breast of the enthusiast who achieves a first ascent.” This is the reason why the Rocky Mountains form such a favourite playground for Alpinists. Switzerland has been so thoroughly exploited that there is little or nothing left in that land to tempt adventurous spirits in search of fresh fields to conquer. But in British Columbia mountain after mountain rears its untrodden heights to heaven, and offers to the traveller the lure of the most magnificent scenery in the world.
Having spent a few days at the Lake Louise Chalet, and got into good training by means of long scrambles up Mount St. Piran, the Beehive, and the stiff crags of Mount Aberdeen, our party set out early one morning, accompanied by two Swiss guides, bound on a mountain-climbing expedition. It was our intention to ride as far as was feasible along the mountain trail, and to camp for the night on the shore of a small lake some fifteen miles distant, so as to make the desired ascent thence with comparative ease on the following day. The cavalcade was, in consequence, a long one, headed by four pack-ponies carrying a couple of tents, food, blankets, and the minimum of personal impedimenta, and driven by a “packer,” mounted on a splendid black cayuse, whose duty it was to look after the horses and to “make camp.” A few yards behind him the travellers ambled lazily along on their comfortable Mexican saddles, allowing the ponies to set the leisurely pace, for the trail, which ran steeply up and down hill, cross­ing numerous gullies and streams, occasionally rose to a great height in order to cross some projecting shoulder of the cliffs. My own outfit consisted of a flannel shirt, a short tweed skirt and knickerbockers, heavy nailed boots, puttees, and a soft broad-brimmed hat, while from the horn of my saddle hung a woollen sweater and a pair of good field-glasses. The men, too, wore strong, serviceable clothes, nailed boots, puttees, and soft felt hats. In the rucksack slung across the shoulders of one of the guides lay a folding Kodak, a compass, aneroid, and smoked glasses, while the other guide carried the ice-axes; the Manila rope being safely stowed away in one of the pack-saddles.
So we jogged along the narrow stony trail, winding up through thickly-forested ravines and down the beds of brawling brooks, catching here and there, between the trees, exquisite vistas of the Valley of the Bow and the snow­capped range of the Ten Peaks beyond.
Having covered some five or six miles, we crossed a large creek, pausing for a while to water the horses and to enjoy a glorious glimpse up Paradise Valley, flanked by the crags and peaks of Hungabee, Aberdeen, and Mount Temple, and hemmed in at the upper end by the Horseshoe Glacier. Then began a long ascent up grassy slopes, where the pine trees grew sparsely, and the cotton-woods were already turning to gold, until, presently, the high Alpine meadows, gay with flaming castilleias, vetches, and columbines, were reached, and, turning sharply to the right, we espied the lake lying five hundred feet below us, like a tiny turquoise clasped in the golden setting of the sun-steeped valley. Who could ever forget the first glimpse of that lovely pool sheltered amid the oppressive solitude of the hills? Its warm, waveless waters, fringed with tall larkspurs, are fittingly named the “Mirror of the Flowers.”
Down the narrow trail cut out of the precipitous hillside we rode, where the crumbling path was scarcely a foot wide, and where to round each cliff one seemed fairly to launch out into space above the tree-tops of the valley below, until in half an hour the shore of the lake was reached, just in time to allow a catch of a dozen fine trout to be made before supper.
While the packer “hobbled” the horses, turned them out to graze, and made camp the guides reconnoitred the locality with a view to the ascent on the morrow, and presently the whole party turned in to sleep as one can only sleep pillowed on fragrant pine-boughs and sentinelled by the stars.
“Four o’clock and a fine morning!” The cry of the guide awakened everyone to the importance of the day, and an hour later all of us had breakfasted, after first stowing away our belongings beyond the reach of thieving porcupines; then, leaving the packer to take care of the camp, we started out rich in the hope of conquest. One guide put the lunch, Kodak, and field-glasses into his rücksack, the rope being coiled about the shoulders of the other man, so that we climbers “travelled light,” carrying only our ice-axes, and tying our sweaters by the sleeves around our waists.
Clouds of crimsoned mist were drawn like curtains around the helmet-shaped snow summit of the peak which was our goal, for the sun lay somewhere behind the rim of the horizon and crowned the head of each mountain monarch with a shining nimbus. One guide led us; the other brought up the rear. No words can describe the patience, good humour, and skill of these Swiss; their quick eyes see every danger, their prompt actions avert it; when “on the rope ” one has a feeling of perfect security, and on steep arétes and rotten ice, on crumbling rocks and abrupt precipices, one has implicit confidence in their strength, judgment, and endurance. Bidden to jump, I have lightly crossed crevasses and rock-rifts, aided by a firm hand or a steady pull on the rope, which, had I been alone, I should have shrunk from in terror and dismay. With sobbing breath and set muscles I have scaled perpendicular cliffs, roped to and encouraged by a guide, which, in his absence, I would have deemed as difficult to conquer as all the tasks of Hercules combined. That these guides possess a sixth sense is indisputable; one might almost call it “acute premonition,” for it warns them in advance of all dangers incident to mountaineering, and, combined with a marvellous dexterity and an intrepid courage, serves to avert calamity and ensure success.
Through the woods we wended our way upward, hope high in our hearts and the smell of the pines in our nostrils. Soon the route lay across a scree slope, where stonecrops grew, and a wonderful vision of blue gentians met the gaze. Then, suddenly, a golden ball shot up from the horizon, and the world awakened in the smile of the sun. The earth began to pulse with light and life. Marmots whistled shrilly from behind the boulders, a pica ran across the trail and, with a melancholy squeak, disappeared in terror beneath some stones; a few butterflies flitted past, and the Lyall’s larches shook their feathery branches in the strengthening breeze to tell that “tree line” was reached — the spot where green gives place to grey and the bounds of foliage are set.
Here we paused to rest for a few moments and to take some observations and photographs before attacking the steep rock-work which lay ahead of us, and which was likely to prove a nasty climb, while sliding stones and insecure boulders might render the task both difficult and dangerous. At times a single step would send a shower of scree hurling down into the valley, or dislodge some huge rock which crashed away with terrific force and noise, only to be lost in the desolate gorge below. Extreme caution on the part of the guides, who tested and tried each foothold in advance, saved us from all accident, however, and after several hours of ceaseless effort we stood on the pass between two mountains, at a considerable height, and paused to gaze westward, where a grand view of Hungabee, Biddle, Victoria, Lefroy, Temple, and the Ten Peaks lay stretched out, gilded by the level rays of the sun. The haggard outlines of the hills, crisp-etched against the blue, looked cruel in the morning light, but where the fir trees fringed the warm, wet valley flowers and shrubs grew in abundance, their sweet odours floating up to the cliffs above.
Here we “roped up,” and for the next thousand feet picked our way up steep ravines, across shale banks, and among great grey rocks —a wild and desolate climb. It was now that the gallant fibre of the guides bore with perfect equanimity and patience the strain of our stumbling steps, our occasional timidity, and our sudden jerks on the rope, as if their nerves were woven of steel.
If I faltered, a steady encouraging pull, a cheery “Houp,there!” poured the red wine of courage into my veins; did the man slip, the rope held taut gave him certainty of safety, so that fear and fancies were left far behind, and success came ever nearer step by step.
The edge of eternal snow! What a thrill it gives one to stand on the Rubicon and watch the bulwarks of the stone bastions hemming back a mighty rolling sea of ice and snow! There Nature’s last outposts sentinel the great white land, a place of awful purity, a clear, cold, calm country.
Only about seven hundred feet now lay between us and the summit. A long snow-field, agleam on the eastern face, sloped up to the top of the mountain and by cutting steps here and there in the steeper angles the ascent was at length accomplished with comparative ease, and we stood conquerors on the summit.
What a panorama greeted our eyes! We beheld crest upon crest sparkling under an azure tent, range upon range of grand and glorious peaks, snowy domes and frosted valleys, and Alpine streams weaving silver webs from the crystal outpourings of a hundred glaciers.
To the north stood the giants Columbia (14,000ft.), Bryce (13,500ft.), Forbes (14,000ft.), and Saskatchewan (12,500ft.); to the south, Assiniboine (11,830ft.); to the east, Cascade and the Banff district; and to the west, the Lake Louise, Field, and the Yoho Valley districts, the whole forming a sea of mountains unsurpassed anywhere else in the world, a scene of matchless beauty.
On the actual summit where we stood, some slanting rocks, coated with dangerous verglas, protruded in places freshly powdered with light, loose snow. Others were completely windswept, while all around was flung a thick, frozen mantle fringed with glaciers great and small. The wind blew keenly and bit to the bone, so we hastened to build the traditional “stone man ” and to plant a tiny Union Jack (brought for the purpose) on its crown; then, after securing some photographs and recording a few important observations, we started downwards to seek a warmer temperature and shelter for lunch. A magnificent glissade brought us to the beginning of the rocks, where we soon found a nook screened from the wind and, ensconcing ourselves behind a big boulder, began to eagerly devour sandwiches and chocolate, washed down with whisky and water. Never did bread, butter, and beef taste so good, and never was John Barleycorn a truer friend than on this occasion, for the long climb in the crisp Alpine air had whetted our appetites to a keen edge.
After lunch some more photographs were taken, and then the descent began in real earnest. A long scramble over the rocks was followed by another short glissade. Then came a bad bit of precipice where the guides were forced to lower us one at a time from ledge to ledge, and afterwards a long plunge down the shelving shale banks. Next came a halt in the flower-strewn meadows, and, finally, a tramp along the forest trail beneath the sweet-scented pines brought the tents into view.
As hour after hour passed by that night our camp lay asleep beneath the star-spangled sky, enfolded in the peace of the purple hills, while we tired climbers dreamed of our conquest “On the Roof of the Western World.”

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