Friday, 10 July 2026

Russian review of The Troublemaker


Russian review of The Troublemaker. The Troublemaker is a complete set of 'The Beggar in the Harem' and 'The Enchanted Prince'.
    Review of the book Troublemaker By Leonid Solovyov
     Between a joke and the truth... 
 You know, there are books that don't so much tell a story as they give you some kind of inner reference point—as if you'd forgotten for a second which way north is, and then someone quietly whispered, "There it is." For me, "The Troublemaker" is one of those. I don't like it when literature pretends to be a tribune: big words, heavy looks, everything with a serious face. But with Solovyov, it's different. His Hodja Nasreddin seems to deliberately avoid pathos: he doesn't issue manifestos, doesn't gather crowds, doesn't demand change with a raised fist. He simply refuses to allow injustice to become a habit. And he does it with such effortless dexterity that evil suddenly seems not scary next to him, but pitiful and absurd. Therein lies his quiet audacity. He doesn't break the system—he exposes its absurdity. One well-placed question, one clever ploy, a few well-timed words—and the smug rich man has cornered himself. There's no cruelty in this—rather, it's the bitter humour of a man who knows all too well how easily power can become arbitrary. Solovyov writes in a way that makes you feel like you're there, not just reading. Here's Khodja leading his donkey along a dusty street, here he stops at a shop, sniffing the air as if tasting the day. The bazaar bustles, copper clangs, the sun melts the roofs, and in the midst of this vibrant, noisy, imperfect life stands a man who refuses to accept the fact that someone is being wronged. And you stand nearby, breathing this air, and understand: being caring doesn't necessarily mean being loud.
     Over the years, the book reveals itself in a new way. In my youth, it captivates me with its adventure, the speed of its twists and turns, and the way Hodja deftly extricates himself from any predicament. Now, I find myself returning to it not for the plot, but for its inner calm. For its ability to resist becoming embittered, to resist becoming cynical, to resist justifying evil by saying "that's just the way the world works."
     For me, this story isn't about distant lands or old times. It's about remaining human when it's easier not to be. About how kindness can be stubborn, and intelligence can be gentle. And about how sometimes the bravest act is simply not to stop smiling, even when you don't feel like it.



 Отзывы о книге Возмутитель спокойствия Обложка книги Возмутитель спокойствия Леонид Соловьев Между шуткой и правдой…
     Знаешь, бывают книги, которые не столько рассказывают историю, сколько возвращают тебе какой-то внутренний ориентир — будто ты на секунду забыл, где север, а тут тебе тихо шепнули: «Вон он». Для меня «Возмутитель спокойствия» — как раз из таких. Я не люблю, когда литература делает вид, что она — трибуна: громкие слова, тяжёлые взгляды, всё на серьёзных щах. А у Соловьёва всё иначе. Его Ходжа Насреддин словно нарочно избегает пафоса: он не произносит манифестов, не собирает толпы, не требует перемен с поднятым кулаком. Он просто не позволяет несправедливости стать привычкой. И делает это с такой непринуждённой ловкостью, что зло рядом с ним вдруг выглядит не страшным, а жалким и нелепым. В этом и есть его тихая дерзость. Он не ломает систему — он показывает её нелепость. Один точный вопрос, одна остроумная уловка, пара слов, сказанных вовремя, — и вот уже самодовольный богач сам себя загоняет в угол. И в этом нет жестокости — скорее, горьковатый юмор человека, который слишком хорошо знает, как легко власть становится произволом.Соловьёв пишет так, что ты не читаешь — ты присутствуешь. Вот Ходжа ведёт своего ишака по пыльной улице, вот останавливается у лавки, втягивает носом воздух, будто пробует день на вкус. Базар шумит, медь звенит, солнце плавит крыши, и посреди этой живой, шумной, несовершенной жизни — человек, который не хочет мириться с тем, что кого-то обижают. И ты стоишь рядом, дышишь этим воздухом и понимаешь: быть неравнодушным — это не обязательно значит быть громогласным. С годами книга раскрывается по-новому. В юности она пленяет авантюрой, скоростью поворотов, тем, как ловко Ходжа выкручивается из любой передряги. А сейчас я ловлю себя на том, что возвращаюсь к ней не за сюжетом, а за этим его внутренним спокойствием. За умением не ожесточиться, не превратиться в циника, не начать оправдывать зло тем, что «так устроен мир». Для меня эта повесть — не про далёкие страны и старые времена. Она про то, как оставаться человеком, когда проще им не быть. Про то, что доброта может быть упрямой, а ум — добрым. И про то, что иногда самый смелый поступок — это просто не перестать улыбаться, даже когда улыбаться не хочется.

Sunday, 29 March 2026

Numbered LS Bibliography 20260329 Snapshot

 

A numbered bibliography of the works of Leonid V. Solovyov (1906-1962)

About this bibliography and Leonid Solovyov:

The intent here is to document the entire works of LS from the date of the source, thus headings are numeric, indicating the first publication of each work. LS wrote in Russian, but his works have been translated in several languages, even by Moscow based publishers.

The header of each story also includes the name in Russian and in English. The primary author of this bibliography only understands English, and the document is intended for English audiences.

In many instances LV stories were collected to make a larger work following a theme. This is especially true of the war stories.

Sevastopol Stone: Collection contains some stories not available elsewhere.

One outstanding ‘Collected Works’ was published in 2010. It is listed, and in many cases it is the only source of LS works. Thus 2010.1 is important.

Definitions; these follow the standards of FictionMags:

vi (vignette): in the context of FictionMags, "vignette" is always used to mean "short short story", which is typically 1–3 pages (or under 1,000 words)

ss (short story): typically 4–20 pages (or 1,000 to 7,999 words)

nv (novelette): typically 21–50 pages (or 8,000 to 19,999 words)

na (novella/short novel): typically 51–100 pages (or 20,000 to 39,999 words)

n. (novel): typically over 100 pages (or 40,000 words or longer)

additionally we have:

pm poem

pl play

ch chapter: in many cases, stories have become chapters in books, and are listed in databases like LitLife. Where information exists these are expanded upon.

Note that if a title is underlined, eg. 1949.2, it means we have a copy in some digital form.

Леони́д Васи́льевич Соловьёв in English becomes Leonid Vasilyevich Solovyov. Other variations are Leonide, and for the family name ‘viev, vi’ev, etc. There are a number of biographies of the author; several appear in the Stillwoods translations of his works. There are a few errors that appear in those translations.

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1926.01 Месть - Revenge

tentatively publishing in One Love – Revenge 2400 words’ Great adventure story along Syr-Darya.

This is a short story that was published in “World of Adventures” magazine. It won first prize in 1927 results. Illustrated ss

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1927.01 На Сыр-Дарьинском берегу - On the Shore of the Syr Darya

tentatively publishing in One Love – Revenge 8900 words’ Great adventure story along Syr-Darya.

Three hunters—two Russians and a Tatar—live in a hut on the banks of the Syr Darya. A gang led by Rakhmankul, a kurbashi, roams the area, plundering villages and slaughtering and murdering civilians. The hunters and a wounded Red Army soldier engage in an unequal battle with the Basmachi. Illustrated ss

Included in: magazine "World of Adventures 1927' 8" , 1927.


журнал

Мир приключений № 8, 1927 г.

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1928.01 Тёмное дело – Dark Business

tentatively publishing in One Love – Revenge 3000 words’ Great adventure story, Central Asia.

Dark Matter (Dark Business/Affair) illustrated ss

Synopsis -Amidzhan has been working for old Mamed for four years for free, in exchange for the promise of marrying his daughter, Nazakat. The village's richest bey, the fat Boymat, who already has two wives, promises Mamed a whopping 600 rubles in dowry for Nazakat.

from World of Adventures 1928 '3 infosource https://fantlab.ru/work729317

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1929.1 Месть Шашибушана - Revenge of Shashibushan

- Publication: Всемирный следопыт (World Pathfinder) Illustrated ss

- Issue: №9, 1929 - Pages: 671–679

- Publisher: Государственное акционерное издательское общество «ЗиФ», Москва–Ленинград

- Notes: Early satirical short story with Eastern motifs; predates Solovyov’s Nasreddin cycle. Published in a high-circulation Soviet magazine aimed at youth and international readers.

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1930.1 Ленин в творчестве народов Востока - Lenin in the works of the peoples of the East: (Songs and tales)

https://fantlab.ru/search-works?q=леонид+соловьев&page=all#:~:text=Lenin and Kuchuk-Adam from 1926

Details

Shelf Number 30-1/82

Library card

Soloviev L. V. (writer) Lenin in the works of the peoples of the East: (Songs and tales) / L. V. Soloviev; With an introduction by A. M. Arsharuni. - Moscow: State Publishing House of the RSFSR Moskovsky Rabochy, 1930 (printing house of Mospoligraf Iskra Revolyutsii). - 125 p., [2] p. advertisment; 17x12 cm.

Author Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Editor, compiler etc. Arsharuni, A.M. -- Author of the preface, etc.

Language Russian

Subjects Lenin Vladimir Ilyich -- (1870 - 1924)

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 007209613

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1932.1 Кочевники - Nomads

(Nomadland, Nomadism: A Tale)

first appeared the The World Pathfinder

Shelf Number Mf K1/1707

32-3/749

Library card

Soloviev L. V. (writer) Nomadland: A Story / L. Soloviev; Binding: D. Shmarin. - Moscow; Leningrad: State Publishing House of Artistic Literature, 1932 (Moscow: Krasny Proletary Printing House). - Binding, 166 p., incl. title page, 2 p. advertisements; 20×14 cm. - (New Releases of Proletarian-Collective Farm Literature / Russian Organization of Proletarian-Collective Farm Writers (ROPKP))

Author Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Editor, compiler etc. Shmarin, D. -- Others

Series Title

New Proletarian-Collective Farm Literature / Russian Organization of Proletarian-Collective Farm Writers (ROPKP)

Language Russian

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 006973305

1934.1 Поход „Победителя“ - The Victor’s Campaign

(The Campaign of the Winner)

Might be something here, no access https://opac.flib.sci.am/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=410718&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=721104 ...see Copilot report

[Moscow]: GIHL, 1934. - 176 p.; 20 cm. a collection of novellas and short stories including:

The Victor’s campaign (1934)

The One Hundred and Twelfth Experiment (1934)

1934.03 Герой Труда - Hero of Labour

Done thanks to Ludmila 20260224.

1934.04 Отец - Father

The Wheel (1934)

New House (1934) https://litvek.com/books/243890-kniga-leonid-vasilevich-solovyov-novyiy-dom

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1936.01 Блудные сыновья - Prodigal Sons

Leonid Solovyov in The Bolshevtsi Collection – 1936

(I have this story and it is published in one of my books. Source file was in LitLife and is saved in folder..)

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0000.01 Одна любовь - One Love

I have this story, but I have no idea of source! I have a picture of the rerelease cover.

  • One Love “Reproduced in the original author's orthography of the 1921 edition (Petrograd Publishing House

Подробнее на livelib.ru:

https://www.livelib.ru/author/27187/top-leonid-solovev/~2” dubious?

One Love is listed as a title (ss) within the Sevastopol Stone: Collection 1959 https://fantlab.ru/edition248537

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1938.1 Высокое давление: Роман - High Pressure

Details

Shelf Number 38-2/402

Library card

Soloviev L. V. (writer) High pressure: [Novel]. - Moscow: Goslitizdat, 1938 (1 type. Transzheldorizdat). - 216 p., 1 incl. f. ill.: ill.; 17 cm.

Author

Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Language Russian

Siglas of other libraries NLR

System number NLR01 007073806

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1939.1 Stories

Details

Shelf Number 39-2/1

Library card

Solovyov L. V. (writer) Stories. - [Moscow]: Sovetsky pisatel, 1939. - 264 p.; 17 cm.

Author Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Language Russian

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 006871134

also...Note that these are different contents

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1939.2 Stories

Shelf Number

39-8/3227

Library card

Soloviev L. V. (writer) Solar Master; [The Ninety-sixth Woman]: Stories / L. Soloviev. - Moscow: Pravda, 1939. - 48 p.; 14 cm. - (Ogonyok Library; No. 55)

Author

Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Series Title

Ogonyok Library, No. 55

Language

Russian

Siglas of other libraries

NLR

System number

NLR01 007073807

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1940.1 Возмутитель спокойствия - The Troublemaker

(Disturber of the Peace)

Source is the Afterword from Mid-life Stories, D. Moldavsky. ( now adjusted with fantlab links to cover.)

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1940 (cover photo available in dropbox)

Повесть о Ходже Насреддине (The Tale of Hodja Nasreddin).

Moscow publication

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1944.1 The Merry Sinner

(play) Details

Shelf Number

L30 G-8/89

Library card

Solovyov L. V. (writer), Vitkovich V. S. The Merry Sinner: Comedy in 4 acts, 9 scenes / Leonid Solovyov, Viktor Vitkovich. - Moscow: All-Russian Directorate for the Protection of Copyright, Distribution Department, [1944]. - 52 p. ; 28 cm.

Author

Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Vitkovich, Viktor Stanislavovich (1908-1983)

Language Russian

Notes

Glass-glass ed.

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 006938185

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1944.2 Long Voyage

Details

Shelf Number L30 G-2/1115

Library card

Solovyov L. V. (writer) Long Voyage: A Short Story / Leonid Solovyov. - Magadan: Publ. and printing house "Sov. Kolyma", 1944. - 16 p.; 14 cm.

Author Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Language Russian

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 006938188

This may be a chapter from Sevastopol Stone

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1944.3 Черноморец - Chernomorets

You can purchase a full copy of this through NLR:

Details

Shelf Number

ONL Komi-z./2-112

Library card

Solovyov L. V. (writer) Chernomorets : novel / Leonid Solovyov ; [transl. with rus. D. V. Konyukhov] - Syktyvkar : Komigiz, 1944. - 114 s. ; 20 cm.

Author

Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Language Come

BBK

Sh6(2=Ko)-91R7-4

Siglas of other libraries

RNB

System number NLR01 01020615

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1944.4 Black Sea Sailor

Published only in English, it could be an adaptation of Tales of Boatswain Vasyukov

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1945.1 Пропавший пост - The Missing Post

Рассказ, 1945 год

(short story, illustrations by G. Balashov), pp. 10-12 magazine Shift No. 6, 1945

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1946.0 Imprisoned in Gulag, Dubravlag labor camp (Mordovia), to 1954

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1946.1 Рассказы боцмана Васюкова - Tales of Boatswain Vasyukov

ch The Legend of the Black Sea [= Sevastopol Stone] (1944)

ch Long Voyage (1944)

ch Soul of the Ship (1944)

ch Tomb of the Unknown Pilot (1944)

ch The Order (1944)

ch Alyonushka (1944)

ch The Return (1944)

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1956.1 Очарованный принц - The Enchanted Prince

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1956.2 Повесть о Ходже Насреддине - The Tales of Hoddja Nasreddin

(both books as one volume)

Возмутитель спокойствия (The Disturber of the Peace, sometimes translated as Adventures in Bukhara or The Beggar in the Harem).

I believe this is in error. It should be ‘The Enchanted Prince’ and the above refers to the collection.

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1958.1 Funny Scandal

Details from nlr.ru

Shelf Number 59-2/65

Library card

Vitkovich V.S., Soloviev L.V. (writer) Funny scandal: A play in 3 acts. - Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1958. - 64 p.; 17 cm.

Author

Vitkovich, Viktor Stanislavovich (1908-1983)

Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Language: Russian

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 008259903

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1959.1 Sevastopol Stone: Collection

(collection – this may be mixed up with SS original. See 1959 important collection, file, in Biblio folder.

· The Legend of the Black Sea [= Sevastopol Stone] (1944)

· Long Voyage (1944)

· Soul of the Ship (1944)

· Tomb of the Unknown Pilot (1944)

· Alyonushka (1944)

· The Return (1944)

· Briefly about myself (1959)

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1963.1 From the Book of Youth

Shelf Number 63-3/2655

Library card

Soloviev L. V. (writer) From the "Book of Youth" / [Afterword by E. Kalmanovsky; Ill.: V. Alekseev. - Moscow]: Mol. Gvardia, 1963. - 224 p., 1 p. portr.: ill.; 21 cm.

Author Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Editor, compiler etc.

Kalmanovsky, E. -- Author of the preface, etc.

Alekseev, V. -- Illustrator

Language Russian

Subjects Uzbek SSR (h. l.)

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 008690739

rc\4649773

63-3/2655

Soloviev. L. V., Leonid Vasilievich (writer) (1906-1962).

From the "Book of Youth" / [Afterword by E. Kalmanovsky; Ill.: V. Alekseev. - Moscow]: Mol. Gvardiya, 1963. - 224 p., 1 p. portr. : ill. ; 21 .

Kalmanovsky. E., author. preface

Alekseev. V., ill.

Uzbek SSR (canvas).

RU [63-33541]

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1964.1 Selected Works of Solovyov L.V.

Solovyov L.V. (writer) [Selected: Vol. 1-3]. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1964. - 3 volumes; 17 cm.
Author: Soloviev, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

rc\4726473

64-2/2373

Soloviev. L. V., Leonid Vasilievich (writer) (1906-1962).

[Selected: Vol. 1-3]. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1964. - 3 v. ; 17 .

[Vol. 1]: From the "Book of Youth"; Stories. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1964. - 332 p., 1 p. portr.

[Vol. 2]: The Tale of Hodja Nasreddin: In 2 books, [Book 1. Troublemaker]. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1964. - 283 p.

[T. 3]: The Tale of Khoja Nasreddin: In 2 books, [Book. 2. The Enchanted Prince]. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1964. - 475 p.

Data from https://webservices.nlr.ru/util/?method=recordFormat&vid=07NLR_VU1&sysid=008444942&format=037&base=NLR01

RU [64-62377]

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1966.1 Сахбо Sakhbo: Notes of my friend

Details

Shelf Number 67-6/1376

Library card

Soloviev L. V. (writer) Sakhbo: Notes of my friend: [For middle age] / Illustration by A. Skalozubov. - Leningrad: Children's Literature [Leningrad Department], 1966. - 48 p.: ill.; 21 cm.

Author Solovyov, Leonid Vasilievich (writer, 1906-1962)

Editor, compiler etc.

Skalozubov, A. -- Illustrator

Language Russian

Subjects

Foreign military intervention and civil war in the USSR 1918-1920 -- Central Asia (d.l.)

Siglas of other libraries RNB

System number NLR01 0086907411966.1 САXБО - Sakhbo (Saxbo) Notes from my Friend

Illustrations by A. Skalozubov

1st Children's Literature Publishing House

Leningrad 1966

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1971.1 Леонид Соловьёв Повесть О...Leonid Solovyov Story

about Middle Life Fiction

Self owned book

Contents:

Book One. The Disturber of the Peace

Part One 9

Part Two 78

Part Three 128

Book Two. The Enchanted Prince

Part One 210

Part Two 357

Part Three 449

IVAN NIKULIN — RUSSIAN SAILOR (A True Story)

In the Hospital 535

To Great Deeds! 537

The Road 539

To the Front! To the Front! 545

First Battle 548

In the Ravine 550

Junkers from the Vesta! 556

Farewell, Friends! 560

Tikhon Spiridonovich 562

FD-1242 565

Cut off! 597

Marusya's Tears . . . . ... ... . . . '. . 570

Come on, "Fedya"! Push on, "Fedya"! ......... 573

Through villages and farmsteads . . . . . . . . 570

Nighttime Thoughts 582

On reconnaissance . . . 585

Red-haired Pharaoh 589

Destroyed the anchor . . . . . . 593

Military ruse . . 597

Raid, 600

Tikhon Spiridonovich's Feat, . . .603

Our Men Are Advancing. 605

Oath 607

Friends 610

Trial613

Tikhon Spiridonovich's Crime. . 618

The Last Night 622

The Execution of Marusya, 625

The Executioners Flee! 628

At the Crossing 631

Unequal Battle 635

Ivan Nikulin's Immortality.....638

Forward, to the West! 643

SEVASTOPOL STONE

The Legend of the Black Sea. ......649

Long Voyage 653

The Soul of the Ship 661

The Grave of the Unknown Pilot....670

Alyonushka. 678

Return 689

Dm. Moldavsky. Afterword 705

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2010.1 Collected Works

See LSCW folder for details.

Shelf Number

2011-3/3175

Library card

Soloviev L. V. (writer) Collected Works: in 5 volumes - Moscow: Book Club Knigovek, 2010. - 21 cm.

BBK

Ш6(2=Р)7я44

Notes

Lit. adj. Spark

Is Part Of Ogonyok Siglas of other libraries RNB System number NLR01 001727058

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  • Eastern Tales –this is informal classification from 2010 collected works

1931.11 В шерганских песках - In the Fergana Sands

Research Notes

The two main libraries in Russia, which serve as the primary national repositories for literature and research, are the Russian State Library (Moscow) and the National Library of Russia (St. Petersburg).

RSL.RU

NLR.RU

Best Russian list of stories:

https://fantlab.ru/search-works?q=Леонид+Соловьёв&page=all

This link might go to LS Collected Works ToC.

"C:\Users\frizz\Dropbox\Solovyov folder\LS Collected Works\LS Collected Works ToC new.doc"

Friday, 27 February 2026

1931.14 Кишлачные Зарисовки - Village Sketches

 

1931.14 Кишлачные Зарисовки - Kishlak1 (Village) Sketches

by Leonid Solovyov

Organizer Arzi-Bibi


The gunfire in Fergana died down, the Basmachi gangs dispersed. The villages grew quiet.

Yangi-Kishlak began to live peacefully. The Basmachi used to be quite violent there. Young farmers from the neighbouring village of Tyulemen joined the Basmachi, and those from Yangi-Kishlak joined the police.

For this reason, the Tyulemen people disliked the residents of Yanga-Kishlak, and after each raid they left 5-6 corpses there.

And when they stationed police in Yangi-Kishlak, things got tough for the Tyulen residents. They'd attack, and the police would fight them off. You’d see two or three left standing.

When the accursed time had passed, they counted the dead. It turned out that there were 16 people killed in Yangi-Kishlak, and 7 in Tyulemen.

The breadwinners are in the land. The poor widows are crying. They're straining themselves with hard work. They have to get things done in the field and at home. Children, sheep, cauldrons, the field. The women are completely exhausted. And no one is helping them.

Everything went to hell, and soon the women would have had to go out into the world if Arzi-bibi, the wife of the murdered Illik-Bashi Rahman, had not started a new business.

Not far from Yangi-Kishlak is the village of Kairagach. It was abandoned long ago by the farmers who fled to the city to escape the Basmachi and famine. It stands empty. The tents are falling apart, and the cultivated land is overgrown.

One day, Arzi-bibi was passing by the village and lost in thought.

Then she walked three more times, and one fine day she set out to visit all the widows.

The women were agitated. They were whispering, walking around, and gathering in groups.

The men are amazed. What are the women up to?

A week passed, then two, and suddenly the village was struck by a surprise: widows were moving to Kairagach...

The women sold their last possessions and bought three horses, plus they had two. The Omachi were left behind by their husbands. It happened in the spring. The women began working in shifts.

The women sowed cotton. The cotton grew well. They harvested it. The old owners found out about this, came, and started driving out the widows.

“Get out of here. Our land.”

The women became worried and scared. What should they do?

The former Kairagach women traders were completely driven out, but one day Arzi-bibi says:

“I'm going to the city!”

Two days later she arrived with a document so big that the traders immediately turned their tails between their legs.

A month later, Arzi-bibi said to the others:

"There are six Basmachi widows in Tyulemen. It's not their fault their husbands were Basmachi. Let's take them in!"

“We'll take it!”

Another 6 people have joined this small commune.

The commune has been in existence for a year and a half now, and things are going well. The women are diligently cultivating the land and producing substantial harvests. They've acquired five more horses and four cows. The commune now has up to 200 sheep.

[600 words]

1What kishlak actually means

- In Turkic languages (Uzbek qishloq, Turkmen gyşlag, Turkish kışlak), the root qış means winter.

- A kishlak is traditionally the winter settlement of nomadic or semi‑nomadic groups.

- The opposite term is yaylaq — the summer pasture.


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